All hereticpress.com research and webpages are © Heretic Press 1994 - 2007. hereticpress.com resources are not free for any private, educational, military or commercial purpose. Private Individuals and students in all schools and University courses are required to make a payment for the author's and publisher's work. Redistribution or commercial use in any way is prohibited.
A subscription fee is required to access this page. An Annual fee of $270 USD allows multi IP access for a group of up to 20 students to access all psychology pages on this site including the student solutions available by subscription only.
Server logs on Heretic Press are monitored and archived daily. Any private, military, commercial or educational institution using this resource without compensation to the publisher will be breaching the publisher's copyright and legal action could be taken to protect the publisher's and author's rights. Contact the Editor if you have any special needs.
John Broadus Watson 1878-1958 in Psychology from the Standpoint of a Behaviourist 1919 stated that:
John B. Watson following research by other psychologists like Ivan Pavlov who discovered conditioned responses, believed that there were no innate factors which accounted for individual differences in the behaviour of adults. Watson believed that early experiences determined behaviour. Since Watson's time there have been many developments in biology and psychology that indicate his view is wrong. There are many innate factors which can affect adult behaviour.
Human DNA is like a huge book of 3,000,000,000 DNA characters with only four letters. Of this a lot of DNA is "junk" DNA. Part of animal DNA, reptile and plant DNA that is a part of our biology and evolutionary history. There are about 38,000 important human genes. DNA is only a sequence of four letters, like a super double binary code allowing much more comlexity than 0's and 1's Four letter allows many more combinations which zip together only in certain combinations in the double spiral helix structure discovered by Crick Watson and Franklin in 1953.
There is an amazing amount of similarity of the DNA from different people, only one letter different in every 12,000 letters.
Large scales studies of human mitrocondrial DNA by Bryan Sykes in The Seven Daughters of Eve indicate that there are just seven clusters which account for 95% of modern day Europeans who are related to one of seven distant clan mothers.
The clan mothers were actual individual mothers who lived from 45,000 to 10,000 years ago.
These mothers of all mothers are the only ancient individuals who could claim:
"My descendants will number in the millions and be around in the twenty-first century" and beyond we hope.
Bryan Sykes gave his clan mothers the names of Ursula, Xenia, Helena, Velda, Tara, Katrine and Jasmine. The most distant mother in the past, Ursula who lived about 45,000 years ago would have lived contemporaneously with Neanderthals. Ursula's modern descendants number about 11% of modern Europeans and are concentrated around Western Britain and Scandinavia.
Six percent of modern people are related to
Xenia a clan mother who lived Twenty-five thousand years after Ursula. You can have your mitochondrial DNA
tested by getting a sample kit to see which clan mother you are most related to? Maybe you are an alien after all?
A picture of the mother of a thousand generations of mothers on the wall is a bit hard to live up to.
Partners in love and relationships, feremones, attraction, likes attract and dissimilar personalities also attract.
No amount of cosmetic surgery will change the appearance of your children.
Baldness comes through the mother's mitocondrial DNA, it doesn't matter how your dad lost his hair, look at your mothers family. Nothing can alter your genetics, with age it seems that genetic is more important than upbringing.
We are a mixture of genetic predispositions hanging around reacting to environmental events, what free will can we have, acting as automatons. Many characteristics have a genetic component, Huntington's Cholera, Schizophrenia a more complex relationship with genes. A study of your environmental influences and a family history should give you more information for self observation on what choice you have to act any differently than you do. Your locus of control can determine the xtent to which you are controlled by the world or the way you influence the world.
Gods Personality theories free will and determinism.
Health DNA forms groups of chromosomes.
Physical characteristics
Dominant and recessive genes
Height
Weight
Skin colour
Eye colour
Cancers transmitted by mutations in DNA
Breast Cancer
Some evidence for inherited personality characteristics.
Inherent personality traits
Attitudes partly attributable to genetic factors
Jazz and mental illness
Intelligence
Schizophrenia 50% twins
Risk taking gene
Addictive personality
Some forms of mental illness have been proved to have a strong genetic factor, that may or may not be actualised by a nurturing or hostile environment. The same old debate about nature v nurture, when they are in fact complimentary, it is not a predetermined fate. Statistically though, the chances of having a mental illness are increased, if parents or siblings suffer from the disease and also if the mother contracts certain infections in critical trimester periods. Some forms of diagnosed mental illnesses are merely classifications of symptoms and case histories under the Diagnostics and Statistics Manual of the American Pyschiatric Society or the World Health Organisation. How could an author, artist or jazz musician fit comfortably into such a rigid classification scheme. Would Van Gough paint such visions, if he was drugged to the eyeballs to moderate his self harm?
A family history of suicide appears to contribute about a twofold increase in risk. Approximately 95 per cent of people who die by suicide experienced a mental disorder at the time of death. Yet most people with mental illness neither attempt or commit suicide.
Some evidence for inherited personality characteristics.
Inherent personality traits
Attitudes partly attributable to genetic factors
Ethics of treatment
Jazz and mental illness
Chromosomes X and Y
Physical Genetic Abnormalities
Mental Illness
Twins studies of personality
Maternal. Effects from the mother
Paternal. Effects from the father
Highly androgynous individuals,posessing balanced characteristics are hypothesised to be more sensitive and adaptive to their environment and to express appropriate behavoiur when confronting environmental challenges.
Sex typed individuals are hypothesised to be less sensitive to their environment and relatively non adaptive to environments inconsistent with their dominant mode of behaviour and to exhibit situationally inappropriate behaviour
Young female adolescents with low levels of positive feminine characteristics were most likely to have low self esteem; young male adolescents with low levels of female characteristics were most likely to hold stereotyped attitudes to gender roles.
Personal Description Questionaire Antill, Cunningham, Russell and Thompson (1981) which has sub-scales of positive and negative femininity and masculinity items. Russell and Antill (1984) reported a positive relationship between masculinity and self esteem with the strongest relationship for females. They also reported a strong negative relationship between self-esteem and the negative femininity scale. Marsh,Antill and Cunningham (1987) reported similar findings across other instruments with masculinity being related positively to self esteem and femininity negatively or not at all. Negative female characteristics such as nervous, dependent, timid and self-critical.
Bems sex role survy does not discriminate between negative and positive items
